A 42-year-old obese woman with a 10-year history of rheumatoid arthritis has been on prednisolone for a number of years. She presents w ith severe hip pain of relatively sudden onset and is now unable to walk. There is no history of even minor trauma.



What is the most probable diagnosis? 

A 60-year-old patient has been complaining of a 1-month history of generalised headache. malaise and fever. He has also noticed scalp sensitivity while brushing his hair.



Given the likely diagnosis, what would be the most appropriate treatment? 

A 35-year-old woman presents with swollen and painful finger joints in both hands. You suspect rheumatoid arthritis and want to test for the presence of rheumatoid factor.



Which immunoglobulin is most commonly detected by routine testing? 

A 7-year-old boy presents w ith arthritis affecting his wrists, knees and ankles following an upper respiratory tract infection. He then develops scrotal swelling, melaena, renal impairment with haematuria and proteinuria and a rash affecting the lower limbs.



What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A 65-year-old diabetic woman on indometacin and glibenclamide has had a blood test that shows evidence of renal failure, hyperkalaemia and hyperchloraemia.



What is the most likely underlying cause of her biochemical abnormalities?