[i][b]“Jackie Robinson Breaks Color Barrier in Major League Baseball”

“President Truman Issues Executive Order Desegregating Armed Forces”

“NAACP Challenges School Segregation”[/b][/i]





These headlines are most closely associated with

…You express a great deal of anxiety over our willingness to break laws. This is certainly a legitimate concern. Since we so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Court’s decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools, at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws. One may want to ask: “How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others?” The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that “an unjust law is no law at all.”…

—[i][b] Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.,[/b][/i]

“Letter from Birmingham Jail,” April 16, 1963



Which type of action against unjust laws is Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. supporting in this passage?



















 

…You express a great deal of anxiety over our willingness to break laws. This is certainly a legitimate concern. Since we so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Court’s decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools, at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws. One may want to ask: “How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others?” The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that “an unjust law is no law at all.”…

[b][i]— Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.,[/i][/b]

“Letter from Birmingham Jail,” April 16, 1963



 



Which statement most accurately summarizes the main idea of the passage?





 





 

[i]"Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."



-Brown v. Board of Education[/i]





The effect of this Supreme Court ruling was to









Brown v. Board of Education, (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896 which allowed state-sponsored segregation. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Warren Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." As a result, de jure racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. This ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the civil rights movement.